Integrated lithium battery energy storage solutions
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TIANCHU ENERGY FLOW & CONTROL ARCHITECTURE

Bring power paths and control logic
together on one system diagram

Plan the full chain from cell to load as one architecture—placing storage batteries, PCS, medium-voltage switchgear, step-up transformer, BMS, EMS, metering, station control, thermal management, and fire protection in the same framework so physical energy flow and the control closed loop stay aligned.

100 MW/ 200 MWh Large Energy Storage Systems Corporate Structure

MW
100 MW Rated power
MWh
200 MWh Rated Energy
Effect
≥90% System efficiency
Env
≤20 ms Power Response
Life
≥8,000 Cycle life

Double layer structure: physical energy links x control and management links

Physical energy chain (Orange)
Network / Power Photovolt / public grid
Battery systems Cell / Pack / Rack
DC protection Melting / Contact
DC bus DC BUS
PCS Transformer DC/ AC two-way transformation
Communication switch MV Switchgear
step-up transformer MV Transformer
Network / Load Grid / Load
Control and management links (Blue)
BMS Battery management system
  • SOC / SOH estimate
  • Balanced management
  • Temperature monitoring
DC protection DC Protection
  • Insulation test
  • Overcurrent protection
  • Lock protection
PCS Control Converter Control
  • P/ Q Control
  • And offline control.
  • Power limit value
EMS Energy Management System
  • P/ Q Schedule
  • SOC Optimization
  • Plan optimization
Measurement and monitoring Metering
  • Electric Energy Measurement
  • Electrical Quality
  • Data records
Station Control System Station Control
  • Operations monitoring
  • Remote Control
  • Policy management
Thermal management Thermal
  • Liquid-cooling control
  • Cold / Heat
  • Temperature variance optimization
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM Fire Safety
  • Smoke/ Gas
  • Combine fire.
  • Safety isolation
Commands down. Feedback reported Status monitoring Safety interlock

System energy boundaries

  • System Boundaries: Battery Convey Side-to-Network
  • Measuring Boundaries: PCC Two-way Power and Power
  • Energy direction: Charge / Release / Standby
  • Control Border: EMS →PCS → BMS/ Distribution

Charge Mode

Absorption Power
→
P < 0 ｜ SOC ↑

Standby Mode

Power Balance
↔
P 00 S SOC Maintain

Power discharge mode

Output Power
→
P > 0 ｜ SOC ↓

From physics to control: see the two layers of interaction in a real device profile

BMS
DC protection
PCS Control
EMS
Measurement monitoring
Station
Thermal management
Fire
Commands down. Feedback reported Status monitoring Safety interlock

Dispatch target → executable command

Dispatch target • Peak shaving / valley filling
• FM pressure
• Energy arbitrage
EMS strategy and optimization Power plan / restrain verification / optimize calculation
Control command down. PCS / BMS / Distribution Protection / Thermal Management
Implementation and feedback Status Return / Offset / Closed-loop control

Power distribution for multiple Rack and multiple PCS

Rack 1
Rack 2
Rack N-1
Rack N
Total Power Command Assign to PCS Single PCS Output Rack Currents SOC Region
+50 MW PCS1: 30 MW
PCS2: 20 MW		 30 / 20 MW ≤300 A 35%–85%

DC bus stabilization control

P / Q side of communication co-control

Run State Panorama

Call. Following online Grid-following

P: ±30 MW
Q: ±5 Mvar
Electricity: 10.5 kV

Structure Networking Grid-forming

P: ±20 MW
Q: 0 Mvar
Frequency: 50.00 Hz

Island Offline Islanded

P: ±15 MW
Q: ±3 Mvar
Frequency: 50.01 Hz

Put it on. Fault crossing. Fault Ride Through

Pressure drop detection.
Quick Support
Recovery Time & lt; 150 ms

Heave! Restore Run Recovery

System restoration dispatch
Status reconfirmed.
Autoback

Safety interlock priority

1
Level 1 lock Firefighter trigger / personnel safety
2
Level 2 lock HV insulation / short-circuit fault
3
Level 3 lock Temperature anomaly/ equipment failure
4
Fourth Cascadelock Performance limit / alarm information

Downscaling after multiple exits

PCS 1
30 MW
PCS 2
0 MW
Fault exit
PCS 3
20 MW
Exchange flows
Grid Connection Status
Number of PCS available Number of PCS Available Power Percentage decrease Available Energy
2 3 66.7 MW 33.3% 133.3 MWh

One fault event: full closed loop from physical isolation to control response

Fault.
  • DC-side short circuit
  • Trigger Protection
0 ms
Physical isolation
  • DC fuse operation
  • Fault-circuit isolation
10 ms
Protect Actions
  • DC protection activated
  • I'll lock the signal up.
20 ms
Control response
  • PCS Decrease / Exit
  • Power redistribution
40 ms
System stability
  • Main-line voltage restored.
  • Other units stable
96 ms
Event Record
  • Timetamp
  • Fault Code
  • Execute Status
Recorded

Energy balance and depletion accounting Example:

Validation and testing

HIL Hardware in Ring
  • Control algorithm authentication
  • Even links and failure verification
  • Protect Logic Validation
FAT Out of the Plant
  • Black-Box Testing
  • Performance test
  • Security test
Field tests
  • Network Test
  • Joint testing
  • Run Authentication

Engineering deliverables

Form System architecture design Power Path / Control Border / System Layer
Line Electrical at once. One-time system and protection configuration
Yeah. Control strategy and logic EMS / PCS / BMS Control Logic
Participation Arguments fixation and debugging Power, protection, operational parameters
Measure Test report HIL / FAT / SAT authentication
All Communications matrix Interfaces, protocols and liability boundaries